COVID-19

A Pandemic Crices Case Study

Publication and Author's

Project Work On Social Issues

Topic:-Covid-19 Pandemic Crises

Aceadamic year:-

2020-2021

Initiation by:-

Vedant Raut

Initiated in subject Social Studies

Preface and vote of thanks to discoverers of project work

We have utilized various publications and reports of the government during the story. Discussions with different officials at the various levels have immensely helped us in knowing the actual position of the concerned issue and in arriving at the conclusion.

All individual should seek advice on the potential hazards in the situation and understand how best to protect their health and minimize the risk of acquiring disease. Forward planning, appropriate preventive measures and careful precautions can protect their health and minimize the risks of accident and of acquiring disease. Although the medical profession and the travel industry can provide extensive help and sound advice, it remains the traveller’s responsibility to seek information, to understand the risks involved and to take the necessary precautions to protect their health.Support economy to be out of the situation.

Special vote of thanks to all COVID-19 Fighters i.e. doctors , pharmacist , cleaning workers , NGO's , government , media.

Acknowledgement

I, Vedant Avinash Raut would like to gratefully acknowledge to my parents, friends and teachers who gave me constructive suggestions for the improvement of all the aspects related to this project.

The project on ‘social issues’ has been presented as per the guidelines of CBSE. It covers all the important aspects relegated to COVID - 19 pandemic crisis.

I would like to thank our social studies teacher as he has given us a golden opportunity to show our talent and also thanks to my parents who provided me all useful material enabling me to make this project a successful one.

I also own a great deal of thanks to all the members who always encouraged me during the suggestion period of this project.

It is hoped that the project will fulfil the expectations of CBSE and provide me guidance for the further improvement in this project.

Introduction / Overview:-

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.

Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.

The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face.

The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important that you also practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow).

At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. WHO will continue to provide updated information as soon as clinical findings become available.

The COVID-19 virus affects different people in different ways. COVID-19 is a respiratory disease and most infected people will develop mild to moderate symptoms and recover without requiring special treatment. People who have underlying medical conditions and those over 60 years old have a higher risk of developing severe disease and death.

The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). The outbreak was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, and recognised it as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of 26 April 2020, more than 2.89 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported in 185 countries and territories, resulting in more than 203,000 deaths. More than 822,000 people have recovered.

The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). The outbreak was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.[4] The World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, and recognised it as a pandemic on 11 March 2020.As of 26 April 2020, more than 2.89 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported in 185 countries and territories, resulting in more than 203,000 deaths. More than 822,000 people have recovered.

2019–20 coronavirus pandemic

The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced by coughing,sneezing, or talking. The droplets usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than remaining in the air over long distances.People may also become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their face. In experimental settings, the virus may survive on surfaces for up to 72 hours. It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease.

Common symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath.Complications may include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically around five days, but may range from two to fourteen days.There is no known vaccine or specific antiviral treatment.Primary treatment is symptomatic and supportive therapy.

Recommended preventive measures include hand washing, covering one's mouth when coughing, maintaining distance from other people, and monitoring and self-isolation for people who suspect they are infected.Authorities worldwide have responded by implementing travel restrictions, quarantines, curfews and stay-at-home orders, workplace hazard controls, and facility closures. Many places have also worked to increase testing capacity and trace contacts of infected persons.

The pandemic has caused severe global socioeconomic disruption,including the largest global recession since the Great Depression. It has led to the postponement or cancellation of sporting, religious, political and cultural events,widespread supply shortages exacerbated by panic buying,and decreased emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases.[28][29] Schools, universities and colleges have closed either on a nationwide or local basis in 194 countries, affecting approximately 98.4 per cent of the world's student population.Misinformation about the virus has spread online,and there have been incidents of xenophobia and discrimination against Chinese people and against those perceived as being Chinese, or as being from areas with high infection rates.

Getting into a little deep

Corona virus under electron microscope:-

Illustration of the morphology of coronaviruses; the club-shaped viral spike peplomers, colored red, create the look of a corona surrounding the virion when observed with an electron microscope.

Classification:-

(unranked):Virus

Realm:Riboviria

Phylum:incertae sedis

Order:Nidovirales

Family:Coronaviridae

Subfamily:Orthocoronavirinae

History:-

Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).

Arthur Schalk and M.C. Hawn described in 1931 a new respiratory infection of chickens in North Dakota.

The infection of new-born chicks was characterized by gasping and listlessness.

The mortality rate of the chicks was 40–90%.Fred Beaudette and Charles Hudson six years later successfully isolated and cultivated the infectious bronchitis virus which caused the disease.In the 1940s, two more animal coronaviruses, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), were isolated.

It was not realized at the time that these three different viruses were related.

Etymology:-

The name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "wreath", itself a borrowing from Greek κορώνη korṓnē, "garland, wreath".

The name was coined by June Almeida and David Tyrrell who first observed and studied human coronaviruses.

The word was first used in print in 1968 by an informal group of virologists in the journal Nature to designate the new family of viruses.

The name refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (the infective form of the virus) by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections creating an image reminiscent of the solar corona or halo.

This morphology is created by the viral spike peplomers, which are proteins on the surface of the virus.

Cross -sectional model of COVID-19 :-

Symptoms:-

Common symptoms include:

1)fever

2)tiredness

3)dry cough.

Other symptoms include:

1)shortness of breath

2)aches and pains

3)sore throat

4) very few people will report diarrhoea, nausea or a runny nose.

5)People with mild symptoms who are otherwise healthy should self-isolate and contact their medical provider or a COVID-19 information line for advice on testing and referral.

Caution:-

People with fever, cough or difficulty breathing should call their doctor and seek medical attention.

Some more on corona:-

Prevention:-

To prevent infection and to slow transmission of COVID-19, do the following:

1)Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, or clean them with alcohol-based hand rub.

2)Maintain at least 1 metre distance between you and people coughing or sneezing.

3)Avoid touching your face.

4)Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.

5)Stay home if you feel unwell.

6)Refrain from smoking and other activities that weaken the lungs.

7)Practice physical distancing by avoiding unnecessary travel and staying away from large groups of people.

8)Use masks

Effects of COVID-19 on industry and economy:-

Chemical Industry: Some chemical plants have been shut down in China. So there will be restrictions on shipments/logistics. It was found that 20% of the production has been impacted due to the disruption in raw material supply. China is a major supplier of Indigo that is required for denim. Business in India is likely to get affected so people securing their supplies. However, it is an opportunity. US and EU will try and diversify their markets. Some of the business can be diverted to India which can also be taken as an advantage.

Shipping Industry: Coronavirus outbreak has impacted the business of cargo movement service providers. As per the sources, per day per vessel has declined by more than 75-80% in dry bulk trade.

Auto Industry: Its impact on Indian companies will vary and depend upon the extent of the business with China. China’s business no doubt is affected. However, current levels of the inventory seem to be sufficient for the Indian industry. If the shutdown in China continues then it is expected to result in an 8-10% contraction of Indian auto manufacturing in 2020.

Pharmaceuticals Industry: Despite being one of the top formulations of drug exporters in the world, the pharma industry of India relies heavily on import as of bulk drugs. Due to the coronavirus outbreak, it will also be impacted.

Textiles Industry: Due to coronavirus outbreak, several garments/textile factories in China have halted operations that in turn affecting the exports of fabric, yarn and other raw materials from India.

Solar Power Sector: Indian developers may face some shortfall of raw materials needed in solar panels/cells and limited stocks from China.

Electronics Industry: The major supplier is China in electronics being a final product or raw material used in the electronic industry. India’s electronic industry may face supply disruptions, production, reduction impact on product prices due to heavy dependence on electronics component supply directly or indirectly and local manufacturing.

IT Industry: The New Year holidays in China has been extended due to coronavirus outbreak that adversely impacted the revenue and growth of Indian IT companies.

Tourism and Aviation: Due to the coronavirus outbreak, the inflow of tourists from China and from other East Asian regions to India will lose that will impact the tourism sector and revenue.

Positive effects of corona:-

1. Climate

Research shows that by closing the factories in China in the past 2 months, the sky is almost completely clear again. For example, there is currently no clothing production, which means that less CO2-emissions are released and people can breathe again. The nitrogen dioxide is no less than 30% less than normal (Business Insider).

2. Consumption quarantine

Because most people currently work from home, we use less plastic, print less, travel less and shop less. All these aspects contribute in a positive way to the environment. In addition, many people have started making conscious choices when it comes to nutrition and exercise. We are forced to adjust our living patterns and working methods. We also see that improvisation and creativity suddenly becomes very important.

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